• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    1. A method for producing liquid iron or steel intermediate from an iron-containing material, including loading, heating, reducing and melting in a fluidized bed of coal particles, gasified in, oxygen-containing gas supplied from the edges to the center of the boiling layer 4, characterized in that In order to reduce energy consumption, the fluidized bed is heated by plasma torches in the upper and / or middle parts.
    公开号:SU1118292A3
    申请号:SU813266249
    申请日:1981-04-02
    公开日:1984-10-07
    发明作者:Штифт Курт；Лугшайдер Вальтер
    申请人:Фоест-Альпине Аг (Фирма)；Корф-Шталь Аг (Фирма)；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    g g
    fj
    2. An installation for implementing the method according to claim t, comprising a melting vessel with a refractory lining, openings for loading the raw material, discharging slag and metal, openings for introducing oxygen-containing gas, made in the walls of the vessel towards its middle, and a carbon nozzle, characterized in that, in order to reduce the spread
    the course of energy, the melting vessel is provided with plasma torches located at the top and / or middle parts.
    3. Installation according to claim 2, with the fact that the plasma torches are rotatable in the horizontal and / or vertical planes, and the vessel is equipped with additional nozzles for the supply of reagents located in the bottom.
    one
    The invention relates to methods for producing liquid iron or steel semi-products from a material containing iron oxide, in particular from previously reduced iron ore.
    The closest in technical essence and the achieved result to the proposed is a method of producing iron or steel intermediate from iron-containing material, including loading it from above, heating, restoring and melting in a fluidized bed of coal particles, gasified in oxygen-containing carrier gas, which is supplied from edges to the center of the boiling fluid.
    The method is realized in an apparatus for producing cast iron or steel semi-product from iron-containing material containing a melting vessel with a refractory lining, openings for loading raw materials, slag and metal, and openings for introducing oxygen-containing carrier gas located on the walls in the middle of the vessel Clj.
    The disadvantage of this method is high energy consumption, as a result of which the heat balance, as well as the economy, are unsatisfactory.
    The purpose of the invention is to reduce energy consumption. ,
    This goal is achieved by the fact that according to the method of producing liquid iron or steel semi-product from iron-containing material, including loading, heating, reduction and melting in a fluidized bed of coal particles, gasified in oxygen-containing gas supplied from the edges to the center of the fluidized bed, the fluidized bed heated by plasma torches in the upper and / or middle parts.
    In an installation for implementing a method for producing pig iron or steel semi-finished product containing a melting vessel with refractory lining, holes for loading raw materials, tapping and metal release, holes for introducing oxygen-containing gas, made in the walls of the vessel in the direction of its middle, and / or the middle part of the plasma torch.
    Moreover, the plasma torches are rotatable in the horizontal and / or vertical planes, and the vessel is provided with additional nozzles dp for the supply of reagents located in the bottom.
    According to the invention, additional energy is supplied to the fluidized bed by heating the plasma, which makes it possible to significantly reduce the total energy consumption due to radiant energy transmission due to the high temperatures of the plasma gas.
    If the plasma is heated in the upper and / or adjacent to the middle zone of the fluidized bed, the zone with the highest temperatures in the fluidized bed is formed and maintained. As a result, in the area located directly above the surface of the slag melt, the temperature can be set relatively lower and therefore secondary oxidation of reduced and already melted iron ore particles can be prevented immediately before passing through the layer of molten slag. The efficiency of the process becomes higher if a portion of the reducing gas from the fluidized bed is used as the gas forming the plasma. It is preferable to additionally introduce carbon carriers in the torch region of plasma heating in solid and / or liquid form. A reduction in the total energy consumption up to 50 is possible if, as the starting material containing iron oxide, particles of iron ore, previously reduced by 50-70%, are fed into the fluidized bed and restored in it. Carbon carriers in solid and / or liquid form are preferably supplied to the fluidized bed from below. Oxygen or oxygen-containing gas is injected into the fluidized bed from the bottom, and in this case, a steel intermediate can be obtained as the final product. Inert gases are introduced into the fluidized bed from the bottom to regulate the process. Plasma torches are located in the upper and / or middle in height parts of the space filled with the fluidized bed. In addition, nozzles are provided for feeding carbon carriers in solid and / or liquid forms, directed into the torch zone of plasma torches. Plasma torches are installed directed towards the central axis of the melting vessel and are arranged in a ring around this axis, and they are placed in several planes one above the other. In order to change the position of the zones of maximum temperatures in the fluidized bed along the length of the plasma torches rotary, in particular, rotary in the vertical and horizontal planes. Nozzles are provided at the base of the melting vessel to supply carbon and / or oxygen carriers and / or oxygen-containing gases and / or inert gases. FIG. 1 shows an installation for implementing the method, a general view. The installation contains a melting vessel 1 (schematically shown in section) with refractory lining 2. In the upper wall .3 of the melting vessel there are three holes 4-6. Hole 5 serves to feed coal or coke, mainly non-coking coal of different grain sizes, into the melting vessel 1. The second hole 4 serves to load particles of the starting material containing iron oxide, and iron ore, previously reduced mainly to 50-70, is introduced into the melting vessel 1. % Through a hole 6 in the upper wall of the melting vessel, a reducing gas is released, which is used to pre-reduce iron ore. In the side walls 7 and 8 of the melting vessel 1 are placed plasma torches 9 directed towards the central axis of the melting vessel, i.e. made with a closed electric arc, which can work both on constant and on alternating current. Plasma torches 9 should be placed in the side walls along the ring in one or several planes, and preferably with the possibility of rotation, both in the vertical direction and with respect to the horizon. As the gas forming the plasma. A portion of the reducing gas arising in the vessel 1 and flowing through the opening 6 is used. Polyatomic gases and / or two- or monatomic inert gases can also be used as the gas forming the plasma. Below the plasma burners 9, the nozzles 10 pass through the walls 7 and 8 of the melting vessel 1 to supply carbon mainly in solid and / or liquid forms, which enter the torch zone of the plasma burners. An oxygen-containing carrier gas, which serves to create a fluidized bed, enters the melting vessel 1 through gas nozzles 11, which are also located in the side walls of the vessel below the plasma torches. Nozzles 10 and gas nozzles 11 are made, as are rotary plasma torches. Slightly below the gas nozzles 11 there is a hole 12 for slag production. Near the base of the smelting vessel there is an outlet 13 for the metal. At the very base there are several nozzles 14-18, through which coal and / or coke dust, oxygen, inert gases, natural gas or liquid carbon carrier are fed into the melting vessel.
    The installation works as follows.
    Pre-reduced iron ore, supplied from above, mainly by free fall, enters the fluidized bed, which occupies a volume in the vessel from the line passing slightly above the outlet slag hole 12 to the line, located above the plane of the plasma burner 9, passes through it from above down, heated therein, recovered and melted. The metal melt is collected in a volume below the slag melt. Production of reducing gas occurs during plasma heating, ve liquid and / or solid carbon carriers that enter the flare zone of plasma torches 9 through nozzles 10. Further heat supply for the required thermal process occurs due to partial combustion of carbon carriers. Such a combined degassing process, The reduction and melting can be carried out under both normal and lower pressure. Carbon carriers (coal and / or coke coal, liquid hydrocarbons, natural gas, SNg-synthetic natural gas) and gases (oxygen and / or inert gas) flowing through nozzles 14-18 at the basef serve to adjust the heat balance in the fluidized bed and stabilize flow conditions. When oxygen is used in the melting vessel 1, which serves to produce the steel intermediate, a refining (oxidation) process can occur. The advantage of supplying additional energy to the combined reduction and smelting process is that the transfer of energy is carried out mainly by radiation, which is caused by the high temperatures of the plasma gas (4000-15000 K). Due to the fact that the zone of the highest temperatures occurs and is maintained in the average height or the upper part of the fluidized bed.
    The temperature in the fluidized bed zone located slightly above the surface level can be kept relatively low, so that the secondary oxidation of already reduced iron ore particles can be eliminated. The probability of re-oxidation in the upper or middle of the height of the fluidized bed is much less than in the lower part, and, moreover, if the re-oxidation does take place, it decreases in the zone of the fluidized bed.
    The diameter of the melting vessel can be chosen arbitrarily large, which is due to the presence of nozzles in the base - better mixing of the boiling bed is achieved.
    By changing the height of the position or the extent of the high-temperature zone, i.e. zones of the highest temperatures in the fluidized bed; by varying the angle of inclination of the plasma torches 9 and nozzles 10 and 11, it is possible for various conditions of the process to always find the optimal solution, for example, optimal flow rates; neither in the melting vessel or the optimum Y is the height of the fluidized bed, which depends on the size of the particles of the ore and coke injected. Example. In the technological application of the proposed method, it should be noted that it is very flexible from the point of view of the possibility of using various energy carriers. Along with solid fuels, liquid or gaseous energy carriers can also be used as an additive. In the mode of operation with a single coal grade or with a similar in quality coal mixture, 24% volatile constituents, 4.5% ash, 63.5% solid carbon, with a heat of combustion of 28,800 kJ / kg, with a specific load per 1 ton of liquid metal (iron) 1,224 kg of coal, which is not fully combusted from 693 standards, m 0 (to CO and H2), the following heat balance is obtained: Heat input, kJ / t: Coal 35 233 207 Sponge iron (heated) 530 898 35 764 105
    Heat consumption, kJ, t: Residue after 715 787 reduction 1 395 270 10 638 Р -, Heat content of liquid psha 184 242 coals Heat content of liquid 1 236 050 cast iron Loss from 419 000 radiation Sensation heat 3 947 734 lots of gas Chemically separated heat 27 85 384 lots of gas 35 764 105 Reduce the specific amount of coal cannot be despite the heat of the exhaust gases (in the amount of 31 803 118 kJ / t), since a large amount of gas is required to reduce iron ore into the spongy iron and also because of the relatively low temperature of incomplete combustion low coefficient heat transfer effect. If, for example, a certain amount of heat from the coal is replaced by electrical energy, the heat transfer efficiency is improved due to the higher temperature difference between the section of the warming medium and the heat-absorbing substances. At the same time, the amount of waste gas is reduced. If this is due, the pre-reduced wrinkle reduction is reduced, for example, to more than 60% of the oxygen content of iron ore and the remaining 40% is reduced due to carbon during the endothermic reaction, then this total specific consumption is reduced. Coal is reduced to 734 kg. The law must additionally contribute 949 kWh / t of electrical energy. For incomplete combustion of 734 kg of coal, 415 norms, m 0 are required. In this case, the following heat gain is obtained: Heat input, kJ / t: Coal 21 128 410 Sponge iron, reduced hour 11182928
    cal (warmed) 530 898 Electric current 3 420 883 25 080 191 Heat Consumption, kJ / m: Vosstanovlenie2 751,353 SRezS1 395,270 RPjOy10 638 Enthalpy Liquid shlaka184 242 Enthalpy Liquid chuguna1 236 050 Loss of radiation 419,000 sensible heat gaza2 368,984 Hee checki The specific heat of the gas is 16 714 644 - -. - 25 080 19 G Similarly, partial or full replacement of other energy carriers is possible, and the relationship between the achievable and applicable partial combustion temperatures, amounts of reducing gas and amounts of heat must be taken into account. Where, in view of the conditions set by nature (primarily with respect to temperature values), there is a failure of the heat balance, it is possible to use appropriate energy to achieve the appropriate agreement. The amount of bound ore oxygen to be extracted per ton of pig iron is almost always constant and is about 400 kg. Depending on the amount of bound oxygen from the ore extracted using the reducing gas, the need for a reducing gas is determined, the specific distribution of which is different depending on the type and quality of the fuel. If we consider the extremum, then from 1 kg of natural gas (CH 4), about 4.2 standards are obtained, m CO + Hj, however, the available incomplete combustion temperature at using 0 is only about. If it is necessary to obtain the temperature required for the production of pig iron, then it is necessary to additionally introduce about 6 kWh per 1 kg of natural gas. If we consider the coals simplified as a mixture of coke and carbohydrate; depending on the proportion of hydrocarbons, the evolved amount of gas and the temperature from incomplete combustion change. For a toga.
    9 111829210
    to bring the latter to the required gases; it may also be
    My values for melting pig iron-defined metal-thermal slag slabs are necessary depending on). .
    on the quality of the coal or coal mixture, thus using
    and from the liquid or gas-5 additive of the invention, minimizes
    In the form of specific hydrocarbons, it is necessary to introduce hydrocarbons into the specific energy consumption with the corresponding amount of electrically given qualitative indicators of energy (a type of energy without energy carriers.
    权利要求:
    Claims (3)
    [1]
    FROM IRON-CONTAINING MATERIAL AND INSTALLATION FOR ITS IMPLEMENTATION. 1. * A method of producing molten iron or steel intermediate from an iron-containing material, including loading, heating, restoring and melting in a fluidized bed of coal particles gasified in an oxygen-containing gas supplied from the edges to the center of the fluidized bed, characterized in that, with In order to reduce energy consumption, the fluidized bed is heated by plasma torches in the upper and / or middle parts.
    S8292.
    [2]
    2. Installation for implementing the method according to π. 1, comprising a melting vessel with a refractory lining, openings for loading raw materials, exhausting slag and metal, openings for introducing oxygen-containing gas, made in the walls of the vessel toward its middle, and a carbon feed nozzle, characterized in that, in order to reduce energy consumption, the melting vessel is equipped with plasma torches located in the upper and / or middle parts.
    [3]
    3. Install pop. 2, cast in that the plasma torches are rotatable in horizontal and / or vertical planes, and the vessel is equipped with additional nozzles for supplying reagents located in the bottom.
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    同族专利:
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    引用文献:
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    US6197088B1|1992-10-06|2001-03-06|Bechtel Group, Inc.|Producing liquid iron having a low sulfur content|
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    US5397376A|1992-10-06|1995-03-14|Bechtel Group, Inc.|Method of providing fuel for an iron making process|
    US5380352A|1992-10-06|1995-01-10|Bechtel Group, Inc.|Method of using rubber tires in an iron making process|
    US5338336A|1993-06-30|1994-08-16|Bechtel Group, Inc.|Method of processing electric arc furnace dust and providing fuel for an iron making process|
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    法律状态:
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
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